Identity Providers are basically recording your login and sharing this information with other pages. Here GMX sends your login ID "tpid" to Adition which shares its own cookie with several ad tech companies using a classic cookie matching. In this case only with your consent.
Other Publishers like Spiegel Online, BILD and SPORT1 track households based on the IP address (also with consent).
@rufposten Does it have any method to survive cookie deletion beyond IP address? Because that seems like it would be fairly straightforward to poison by running something similar to a Tor exit node. Or maybe just sharing logins.